What Are The Components of The Hydraulic System?

The function of the hydraulic system is to increase the acting force by changing the pressure.

A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power element, actuating element, control element, auxiliary element and hydraulic oil.

Hydraulic systems can be divided into two types: hydraulic transmission system and hydraulic control system. The main function of hydraulic transmission system is to transmit power and motion. The hydraulic control system should make the output of the hydraulic system meet specific performance requirements, especially dynamic performance.

1. Power Element

The function of the power element is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of liquid, which refers to the oil pump in the hydraulic system and provides power to the whole hydraulic system. The structural forms of hydraulic pump are generally gear pump, vane pump, plunger pump and screw pump.

2. Actuator

The function of actuator (such as hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor) is to convert the pressure energy of liquid into mechanical energy and drive the load to make linear reciprocating motion or rotary motion.

3. Control Element

Control elements (i.e. various hydraulic valves) control and regulate the pressure, flow and direction of liquid in the hydraulic system. According to different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into pressure control valve, flow control valve and directional control valve. The pressure control valve includes overflow valve (safety valve), pressure reducing valve, sequence valve, pressure relay, etc. The flow control valve comprises a throttle valve, an adjusting valve, a flow dividing and collecting valve, etc. Directional control valves include one-way valves, hydraulically controlled one-way valves, shuttle valves, reversing valves, etc. According to different control modes, hydraulic valves can be divided into on-off control valves, fixed value control valves and proportional control valves.

4. Auxiliary Components

Auxiliary components include oil tank, oil filter, cooler, heater, accumulator, oil pipe and pipe joint, sealing ring, quick-change joint, high-pressure ball valve, hose assembly, pressure measuring joint, pressure gauge, oil level gauge, oil temperature gauge, etc.

5. Hydraulic Oil

Hydraulic oil is the working medium that transfers energy in hydraulic system. There are various kinds of mineral oil, emulsion and synthetic hydraulic oil.

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